Etiology analysis for hospitalized hypertensive patients: 10 years report from the department of hypertension (1999 - 2008) / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze etiology of hospitalized hypertensive patients in the department of hypertension from 1999 to 2008.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This retrospective study was performed to analyze the etiology of hospitalized hypertensive patients in department of hypertension and to show the distribution change of hypertension from 1999 to 2008.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) There were 5867 (75.1%) patients with essential hypertension and 1942 (24.9%) patients with secondary hypertension (SH). (2) The prevalence rate of SH increased significantly during the 10 years (χ(2) = 387.621, P < 0.001) and was higher in 2008 than in 1999 (39.3% vs. 9.5%, P < 0.05). The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and primary aldosteronism (PA) in 2008 increased 38.3 and 1.8 times respectively than in 1999 (χ(2) = 304.025, P < 0.001; χ(2) = 42.845, P < 0.001) and other SH remained unchanged. (3) The prevalence of PA complicated with OSAS increased significantly in recent five years (χ(2) = 26.376, P < 0.001). Incidence of OSAS was 23.9% in PA patients and incidence of PA was 6.7% in OSAS patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>With the insights gained on hypertension mechanism and the development of new diagnostic technology, percent of diagnosed SH increased remarkably in recent years in hospitalized hypertensive patients in our department of hypertension. OSAS and PA are the leading causes of SH.</p>

Etiology analysis of 628 patients with refractory hypertension / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the etiology of 628 patients with refractory hypertension and to observe the disease distribution with respect to gender and different age groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, clinical data of 628 refractory hypertensives who hospitalized in our hospital from September 1997 to December 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) There were 80.1% (503/628) patients with essential hypertension, 18.9% (119/628) with secondary hypertension (SH) while diagnosis was not clear in 1.0% (6/628) patients. Renovascular hypertension (33.6%) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (23.5%) were the major causes of SH. The highest prevalence rate of endocrine hypertension was primary aldosteronism (13.5%). (2) There were significantly more male patients than female patients with essential hypertension, SH, renal hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, primary aldosteronism while the incidence of pheochromocytoma in female was significantly higher than that in male patients (all P < 0.05). The incidence of renovascular hypertension was similar between male and female patients. (3) SH occurred more often in young patients (33.1%) than in aged patients (13.8%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our data from this patient cohort showed that SH, especially renovascular hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are major causes for refractory hypertension in young patients and primary aldosteronism was the commonest reason of endocrine hypertension in youth and middle-aged patients with refractory hypertension.</p>

The relationship between dyslipemia and the polymorphism of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene in hypertensive Kazakans of Xinjiang / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and the polymorphism of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) gene A1166C in hypertensive Kazakans of Xinjiang area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods were used to detect the A1166C polymorphism of AT(1)R gene of 296 hypertensive and 198 normotensive Kazakans. Biochemical parameters were measured by autochemical emalyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The TC and LDL-C levels are significantly higher in hypertension group than those in normotensive controls [TC: (4.91 +/- 1.19) mmol/L vs. (4.43 +/- 1.20) mmol/L; LDL-C: (3.36 +/- 1.01) mmol/L vs. (2.94 +/- 1.30) mmol/L, P < 0.001). (2) In hypertension group, TC and LDL-C are related to A1166C polymorphism of AT(1)R gene and TC and LDL-C of AC carriers are significantly higher than AA carriers (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dyslipidemia is related to A1166C polymorphism of AT(1)R gene in hypertensive Kazakans.</p>

Analysis of etiology of the patients with hypertension from the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the etiology of the patients with hypertension from the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, and to investigate the distribution of hypertension in gender and different ages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 1997 to December 2005, the data of 4642 patients with hypertension was retrospective studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Of all the patients, 85.24% were essential hypertension (EH) and 14.76% were secondary hypertension (SH). Higher prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome (42.92%) and anxiety (15.04%) was found in secondary hypertension. The highest prevalence of primary aldosteronism (12.12%) was found in endocrine hypertension. (2) The male patients with hypertension were more than the female ones, and the incidence of EH, sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and primary aldosteronism was higher in male patients than female ones, and the following was less than female: anxiety, pheochromocytoma and renovascular hypertension. (3) Among the patients with SH, 21.9% were found in youth, and 9.85% in aged.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For the young, SH should be excluded, especially SAS and anxiety should be screened and differentiated. The highest prevalence of endocrine hypertension is primary aldosteronism in young and middle-aged male. The prevalence of pheochromocytoma in female is higher than that of male.</p>

The relationship between the beta-2-adrenergic receptor gene +46 Arg 16/Gly variant and serum level of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in Kazakans of Xinjiang / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of beta-2-AR +46 A-->G variant in Kazakans of Xinjiang and the relationship of the variant with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level in this population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genotypes of beta-2-AR gene Arg16/Gly variant were detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique in 506 Kazakans with age from 30 to 69, and its distribution and relationship to LDL-C level were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The frequencies of genotypes AA, AG, GG and alleles A, G of beta-2-AR +46 variant in this population were 0.310, 0.455, 0.235 and 0.538, 0.462 respectively, which were accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (2) The Gly16/Gly genotype had highest LDL-C level in the three genotypes, and were significantly higher than Arg16/Gly genotype (P < 0.05). (3) Comparing the effect of beta-2-AR gene +46 variant on serum lipid in males with females, we found that females with Gly16/Gly genotype had the highest level of serum LDL-C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These data show that Gly16/Gly genotype of beta-2-AR gene +46 A-->G variant is associated with higher level of serum LDL-C in this population, especially in female.</p>

The relationship between the variants in 5' upstream core promoter A(-6)G and A(-20)C of angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension in Kazakans of Xinjiang / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether the variants A(-6)G and A(-20)C of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene are involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in Kazakans.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>T his case control study recruited 125 subjects with hypertension and 74 normotensive subjects from Kazakans of Xinjiang. Genomic DNA from leukocytes was analyzed for genetic variants A(-6)G and A(-20)C in 5' upstream core promoter of AGT gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and automatic sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)There were only A(-6)G and A(-20)C variants in the -164 to +73 region of Kazakans' AGT gene. (2) The distributions of genotypes AA, AG, GG at locus -6 of AGT gene showed significant difference between the hypertensive group (0.39, 0.45, 0.16) and the normotensive group (0.49, 0.49, 0.02; Chi2=8.56, P=0.014). There were evident differences in the frequencies of the -6A and the -6G allele of the two groups (0.62, 0.38 and 0.73, 0.27; Chi2=5.35, P=0.021). (3) No significant difference was observed in the distribution of genotypes AA, AC, CC at locus -20 of AGT gene between the hypertensive group (0.69, 0.26, 0.05) and the normotensive group (0.65, 0.32, 0.03; Chi2=2.42, P=0.30). There was no distinct difference in the frequencies of the -20A allele and the -20C allele of the two groups (0.82, 0.18 and 0.82, 0.18; Chi2=0, P=0.99). (4) No significant difference was found at the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups corresponding to genotypes at the loci -6 and -20 of AGT gene.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggest that the polymorphism of A(-6)G in 5' upstream core promoter of the AGT gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in Kazakans, while the A(-20)C variant may not play an important role in the etiology of essential hypertension in Kazakans.</p>

Construction of replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expressing gag-polDelta and gp140TM genes of human immunodeficiency virus in mice / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Construction of replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expressing gag-pol and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>gag-polDelta and gp140TM genes were cloned into shuttle vector pAdTrack-CMV respectively, and then the plasmids containing gag-polDelta or gp140TM gene were cotransformed with the backbone of adenovirus into E.coli BJ5183. Transfections of the recombinants were performed to obtain recombinant adenoviruses. Its immunogenicity was evaluated by testing antibody levels of mice primed with DNA vaccines and boosted with recombinant adenoviruses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus could express Gp140TM, Gag P55 and P24 proteins correctly. The mice primed with DNA vaccines and boosted with recombinant adenoviruses elicited high titer of HIV-1-specific antibody compared with that inoculated with DNA vaccines only.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expressing gag-polDelta and gp140TM can elicit high titer HIV-1-specific antibodies.</p>